Nitroxynil

Nitroxynil is a substituted phenolic anthelmintic supplied in parenteral flukicide formulations. Veterinary applications center on fasciolosis in cattle and sheep, with additional activity against selected nematodes. Its useful spectrum includes susceptible mature and certain immature flukes, while the developmental-stage response varies with parasite age and exposure.

Group

Substituted phenol flukicide

Mechanism of Action

Nitroxynil uncouples oxidative phosphorylation in susceptible parasites. Disruption of mitochondrial proton-linked energy conservation reduces ATP production and produces metabolic failure. Sustained systemic exposure allows activity against susceptible tissue- or blood-associated parasite stages. Differences in parasite stage, feeding behavior and drug susceptibility determine the resulting anthelmintic response.

Dose Rates

Cattle

Use / stage	Dose	Route	Schedule	Instructions
Susceptible fluke or Haemonchus infection	10 mg/kg	SC	Once	Use the labelled 10 mg/kg active dose. The rounded 1.5 mL/50 kg example for 340 mg/mL gives approximately 10.2 mg/kg.

Sheep

Use / stage	Dose	Route	Schedule	Instructions
Susceptible fluke or Haemonchus infection	10 mg/kg	SC	Once	Use the labelled 10 mg/kg active dose. The rounded 1.5 mL/50 kg example for 340 mg/mL gives approximately 10.2 mg/kg.

Indications

Treatment of susceptible mature and supported immature Fasciola hepatica infections in cattle and sheep.
Treatment of susceptible Haemonchus contortus infection in cattle or sheep with an indicated product.
Treatment of supported H. placei, Bunostomum phlebotomum or Oesophagostomum radiatum infections in cattle.

Contraindications

Use only by the formulation-supported route; avoid overdose.

Interactions

Do not combine anthelmintics without checking the complete product protocol.

Adverse effects

Injection-site swelling or irritation; yellow staining of skin or fleece.

Toxicity

Excess can cause hyperthermia, rapid breathing and neurologic depression. Cool and support the patient; no specific antidote is established.

Preparations

Preparation	Form	Strength	Route
Nitrox-A Vet injection 340 mg/mL The ACME Laboratories Ltd.	Injection	340 mg / mL	SC

Monitoring and Administration

Weigh accurately and use SC injection. Keep staining solution off skin and clothing.

Assess parasite stage and response; treatment does not cover all gastrointestinal worms.