Vetdrugs 2.0Latanoprost is a prostaglandin-F2alpha analogue supplied as an ophthalmic prodrug. Its principal veterinary application is reduction of intraocular pressure in dogs with primary glaucoma. Canine ocular responses include marked miosis and enhanced aqueous outflow. Response differs substantially among species, reflecting differences in ocular receptors and local drug handling.
Group
Prostaglandin F2-alpha analogue
Mechanism of Action
Corneal esterases convert latanoprost to its active acid, which activates prostaglandin FP receptors. Receptor-mediated changes in ciliary muscle and extracellular-matrix pathways increase aqueous-humor drainage, particularly through the uveoscleral route. Reduced outflow resistance lowers intraocular pressure in responsive eyes. Activation of iris smooth-muscle pathways also produces pronounced miosis in dogs.
Dose Rates
Dogs
| Use / stage | Dose | Route | Schedule | Instructions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary glaucoma — Initial | Reference only | TOPICAL | Every 24 h | One drop of 0.005% solution into the affected eye in the evening. |
| Primary glaucoma — Maintenance | Reference only | TOPICAL | Every 12 h | One drop of 0.005% solution; twice-daily therapy can provide additional control where the response wanes before 24 hours. |
Indications
- Reduction of elevated intraocular pressure in canine primary glaucoma.
- Rapid pressure reduction in selected acute canine primary-glaucoma episodes as part of an ophthalmic emergency treatment plan.
Contraindications
- Not recommended for routine feline or equine glaucoma in the supplied source.
- Avoid inappropriate use in active uveitis or lens-luxation situations where marked miosis can be harmful.
Interactions
- Other glaucoma drugs may add pressure-lowering effects; use a coordinated regimen.
Adverse effects
- Marked miosis, conjunctival redness, irritation and possible inflammatory effects.
- Periocular pigmentation or hair changes can occur.
Toxicity
Irrigate excess and assess pain, IOP and inflammation after accidental overexposure.
Preparations
| Preparation | Form | Strength | Route |
|---|---|---|---|
| Xalatan ophthalmic solution 0.005% | Other | 0.05 mg / mL | TOPICAL |
Monitoring and Administration
Measure IOP response and re-evaluate the glaucoma mechanism. It does not cure the underlying disease.
The cited Xalatan presentation is refrigerated before opening and may be kept at room temperature for six weeks after opening; use the actual bottle directions.