Anti- emetics

• SHT3 receptor antagonist
• Serotonin antagonist

anti-emetics>prevent vomiting

Dog=0.1-0.5mg/kg  IV slowly  6.12hr interval

0.1-1mg/kg  PO, BD

Cat=0.5mg/kg  BD, SC, IV, PO

• it should be used cautiously in pets with gastrointestinal blockage, certain abnormal heart rhythm or liver disease. 
• Caution in pregnant or lactating pets also. 

• Constipation, sleepiness or head shaking, nausea
• SE are uncommon mostly. 

• Inj. Emeset 2ml, 4ml(2mg/ml) 
• Susp. Emikind-pet-  30ml
• Oralspray-eme Pet - 15ml
• Inj. Petset-  2ml  (2mg/ml) 
• Inj. Vominil-10ml(2mg/ml) 
• Tab. Emeset- 4mg, 8mg
• Syr. Emeset 30ml  (2mg/5ml) 

Anti diarrhoeal

Inhibition of enkephalinase and induce selective increase in chloride absorption 

Diarrhoeal

Dog @ 10mg/kg PO

Hypersensitive animals

Constipation 

Cap hydral 100mg

cap racotil 100mg

cap redotil 100 mg

Antidiarrhoeal

Opiate agonist that act on mu receptor of GI tract

Acute diarrhoea

Cat @ 0.08-0.16 mg/kgPO BID

dog @ 0.1-0.2 mg/kg PO BID / TID

It can cause constipation due to repeated use

It can cause constipation due to repeated use

Capsule roko 2mg

capsule lopcap 2mg

Antidiarrhoeal

Anti cholinergic agents

Block the action of acetylcholine at para sympathetic sites in sweat gland, salivary gland, SA node, stomach secretion heart muscle  smooth muscle in GI tract and CNS

Reduce GI motility and secretion 

Reduce salvation

To treat bradycardia in dogs

Dog- 0.003-0.008 mg/kg q8h PO BID / TID

Tachycardia patients 

In tachycardia patients

Hyocimax -S tablet 0.125mg

Anti convulsant

It inhibit burst firing of neuron without affecting normal neuronal excitement

Seizures

Cat @ 20mg/kg q8h PO

Dog @ 20mg/kg q8h PO

Horse @ 30mg/kg IV 

Lethargic and anorexia

Produce hyper salivation in cats

Tab levepsy 250mg and 500mg

Tab levera 250mg, 500mg, 750mg and 1gm

Tab levesam 250mg, 500mg, 750 mg and 1gm

Antiprotozoal drug (Coccidiosis)
Vitamin B1 or structural analogue

Competitively block the thiamine transporter of Eimeria species

Control and treat coccidiosis in Calves, sheep, goat, puppies and birds

For Prophylaxis
Cattle @ 5mg/kg PO 21 days

For Treatment
Cattle @ 10 mg/kg PO for 5 days in feed or water

Cat @ 60-100 Total PO 7 days

Dog @ 100-200 mg in food PO 7 days

Poultry @ 0.012-0.24% PO in water for 3 days


Maximum Dose
Large animal 200 mg
Small animal 100 mg

Not used in puppies with 20 days of age

Excess dose in sheep cause encephalomalaciae
Calves - inhibit erythrocyte production
Toxicity at high dose

Amprolium powder 150g, 1kg

Amproforte (Amprolium fortified with vitamin) 100g, 1kg

Anticoagulants

Inhibit ketolase enzyme in the glucolytic pathway

Anticoagulant of glucose level in blood

6-8mg/ml blood or 2.5mg per ml of blood

Anti diarrhoel

Inhibits clotting by activating your body's antibody process

To prevent/tract contain blood vessel, heart, lung condition, prevent blood clotting during open heart surgery, bypass surgery, kidney dialysis and blood transfusion

Dog and cats: anticoagulant 1-2 units/ml of blood reaction of thromboembolium in pulmonary: 200-500 IU/kg

I/M heparin odministration - hematoma formation

CI on bleeding and renal dysfunction

Blood in urine, coughing in blood, headache

Heparin sodium 1ml vial 5000 UPS/ml (or) 1000 UPS/ml

Thrombophob gel 20g(zydur) 

ALPARIN injection 5 ml vial (5000 IU/ml) 

ALPARIN injection 5 ml (25000 IU/ml) 

Chelating class of drug

Category'B' drug

Bind with available ca2+ and prevent further toxic effects of toxin

Bind with ca2+ so prevent the coagulation of blood

Used in reaction of heavy metal toxicity like Pb, Zn

Used in cosmic and food industries and with in scientific laboratories

Lead poisoning- (20ug/dL-70ug/dL) - 1000mg/M2 daily given IV or I'M

If lead poisoning > 70ug/dL

EDTA is combined with dimer caprol i. e. EDTA is administrated before dimercaprol

Adult with Nephropathy :- 500mg/M2 for every 24 hours for 5 days

Pediatric dosing:- chelation therapy is necessary in patients with blood lead levels over 45 mg/dL. If lead poisoning- 45 ug/dL to 70 ug/dL =>25 mg/kg/day for 5 days

If lead poisoning > 70 ug/dL=> IV administration of EDTA at 50 mg/kg/day in 6 doses 

In children with cerebral edema

=> IV is avoided due to increase in intracranial pressure so we can go for  I/M in that patients

•Renal toxicity

• Weight loss due to Zn deficiency

•Nausea 

• Vomiting, chills, fatigue tremors, anemia

• Use of Na EDTA can cause severe hypocalcemai 

Na+ EDTA, ca+ EDTA

Livodate Ca 20 (200mg/ml)

1. Parasympathomimetic agent

• Reversible inhibition of ache enzyme
• Direct interaction with cholinergic receptors

• Rumen atony
• Initiating peristalsis
• Emtying bladder 
• Stimulating skeletal muscle contractions
• Ivermectin overdoses in cats

• Ruminants: 0.02 mg/kg  Single dose SC
• Horse 0.004-0.02 mg/kg SD  6 Hrs interval  SC
• Small animals: i) 2 mg/kg/day  PO  (in divided doses)   ii) Antimyasthanic: 10mcg/kg IM SC   iii) Antitode for non depolarising NM block : 40 mcg/kg IM SC

Patients with

• Peritonitis
• Mechanical intestinal or urinary obstructions
• Epilepsy, bronchial asthama, cardiac anthymias, hypothyroidism, vagotonia or megacolon

Cholinergic crisis

• Inj. Neostigmin 1 ml & 5 ml (0.5mg/ml) 
• Inj. Tilstigmin 5 ml (0.5 mg/ml)