Phosphorus supplements 

• General metabolic disorders, debility, repeat breeding & infertility caused due to phosphorus deficiency 
• hypophosphatemia
• pica

SC IM IV

Acute conditions 

large animals @ 10-25ml and small animals @ 1-3 ml

Chronic conditions

large animals @ 2.5-5ml  and small animals @ 1-2 ml

Inj tonoricin (VETOQUINOL)

• 30 ml and 100 ml vials
• 0.2gm/ml

Liq merical pet liquid ds (VETOQUINOL)

• 300 ml bottle
• cat @ 2.5ml twice daily
• dog @ 5-10 ml twice daily
• each 20 ml contains 700mg calcium + 540 mg phosphorus + 3200IU Vit D3 + 40mcg Vit B12
• For bone and teeth growth, rickets, pregnancy 

Inj urimin (VIRBAC)

• 30 ml and 100 ml vials
• phosphorus injection
• Each vial contains 40.3%w/v sodium acid phosphate equivalent to 8%w/v elemental phosphorus 

inj novizac (INTAS)

• buffered phosphorus injection and inosine and sodium pyruvate injection 

inj metaways (VET MANKIND) 

• 30 ml vials
• each ml contains 100mg butaphosphan + 50mcg cyanocobalamin

ACETAMINOPHEN (PARACETAMOL)

Mechanism of Action-Prostaglandin’s synthesis is weakly inhibited like selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and also decreased concentration of prostaglandins.

Reason of toxicity -Deficient in glucuronidation and sulfation abilities, N-acetyl- p- benzoquinoneimin e (NAPQI) formed alternatively bind and damage the hepatic cell membrane leading to its injury and death subsequently 

ASPIRIN

Mechanism of Action-Cyclooxygenase e nzyme inactivation irreversibly leads to suppression of the thromboxanes & prostaglandins.

Reason of toxicity - Less of glucuronyl transferase and glycine conjugation

SALICYLATES 

Mechanism of Action- Nonselective inhibition of peripherally and centrally mediated cyclooxygenase. Potent inhibitor of thromboxane production function.

Reason of toxicity- Relatively deficient in glucuronosyl transferase, which conjugates salicylate with glucuronic acid.

IBUPROFEN, CARPROFEN, ETODOLAC

Mechanism of Action- Inhibition of cyclooxygenase activity, blocking the production of prostaglandins, substances that the body releases in response to illness and injury.

Reason of toxicity-Low capacity for hepatic glucuronidation, needed for elimination.

MELOXICAM, PIROXICAM

Mechanism of Action-Preferential inhibition of COX-2 and sparing COX-1 alone.

Reason of toxicity-Low capacity for hepatic glucuronidation, needed for elimination.

APRAMYCIN

Mechanism of Action-Inhibition of microbial protein synthesis accomplished through binding to the bacterial 30S small ribosomal subunits

Reason of toxicity -These drugs are concentrated in the labyrinthine fluid and vestibular/cochlea r sensory cells and hairs undergo concentration dependent destructive changes.

CHLORAMPHENICOL

Mechanism of Action-Inhibition of microbial protein synthesis accomplished through reversibly binding to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome and inhibition of the peptidyl transferase step of protein synthesis.

Reason of toxicity -Needs to be metabolized in liver as Chloramphenicol glucuronide

AMITRAZ

Mechanism of Action-Activates alpha-2 adrenergic receptor in the central nervous system (CNS), alpha2 and alpha1 adrenergic receptor in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

Reason of toxicity -Stimulation of α2- adrenergic receptors that generates the main signs of amitraz poisoning, such as loss of consciousness, breathing depression, seizures, bradycardia, hypotension, and hypothermia

PYRETHRINS & PYRETHROID

Mechanism of Action-Axonic excitotoxins, the toxic effects of which are mediated through preventing the closure of the voltage-gated sodium channels in the axonal membranes in muscle and nervous tissue

Reason of toxicity -Lack of the metabolising enzyme glucuronosyl transferase

SALINOMYCIN

Mechanism of Action-Inhibition of ookinete development, oocyst formation in the mosquito midgut, blocking their transmission Selectively damages infected erythrocytes.

Reason of toxicity-Polyneuropathy of the peripheral nerves, characterized by primary axonal degeneration and secondary degeneration of the myelin sheath resulting in paralysis. hypoxia of the myocardium due to dyspnoea from paralysis of the respiratory musculature

BENZOCAINE

Mechanism of Action-Stabilizes the neuronal membrane reversibly, decreasing its permeability to sodium ions, inhibition of depolarization of the neuronal membrane blocking of initiation and conduction of nerve impulses.

Reason of toxicity -Due to their unique hemoglobin structure, it is easily damaged

PROPOFOL

Mechanism of Action-Decreases the rate of dissociation of the Gamma- aminobutyric acid (GABA) from the receptor, duration of the GABA- activated opening of the chloride channel increased resulting hyperpolarization of cell membranes.

Reason of toxicity -Lack of glucuronosyl transferase which is needed to glucuronidate propofol.

Corticosteroids

Alters the transcription of DNA which result in anti-inflammatory, immunosuppression and anti-fibrotic effect

• Primary ketosis in dairy cattle 
• Allergies
• Treatment of bronchial and lung disease, skin diseases, intestinal diseases, spinal cord diseases and diseases of blood
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Bacterial (Endotoxic) Shock
• Immune system/ Auto immune disorders
• Supplemental treatment for various cancers

IM

Cattle, sheep & Goat @ 1-4 mg/kg

Horse @ 0.2-4.4 mg/kg

Cat @ 1-3 mg/g

Dog @ 0.5-1 mg/kg

Other conditions-

Bovine Ketosis : 100 to 200 mg according to the intensity of ketosuria & the weight of the animal

Horses & Cattle : In cases of rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory joint conditions involving ligaments, & in bursitis, 40 to 80 mg of prednisolone should be injected by the intramuscular route. Dose may be repeated at 48 & 96 hours, if required

Dog : 10 to 30 mg by intramuscular route

• Pregnant animals
• Patients with renal disease

• Increased drinking, increased urination, and increased appetite.
• At higher doses and during long-term use, side effects may also include vomiting, diarrhea, mild behavioral changes, and panting. 
• Glaucoma
• Degenerative joint disease
• Osteoporosis 
• Renal disease

Injection Prednisolone acetate (VETOQUINOL)

• 10 ml vial
• Each ml contains 10 mg 

Tab Wysolone (PFIZER) - 5mg, 10mg, 20mg, 30mg, 40mg

Inj Depomedrol (Methyl Prednisolone Acetate) (PFIZER)

• 1ml, 2ml, 5ml (40 mg/ml) 

Tab Medrol (PFIZER) - 4 mg

Inj Solu-Medrol (Methyl Prednisolone Sodium Succinate) - (PFIZER)

• 1ml (40mg) vial
• 2ml (125mg) vial
• 4ml (500 mg) vial
• 8ml (500mg) vial 
• 8ml (1g) vial 
• 16ml (1g) vial
• 30.6ml (2g) vial

Injection Predcip

• 10 ml vial
• Each ml contains 10 mg

Neomycin, polymyocin and bacitracin 

Bind with 30s ribosomal subunit=> reduce bacterial protein synthesis

Apply ointment to every eye 3 to 4 hours for 7-10 days 

Allergic conditions

Burning, redness 

• Trbiozene ointment

• Neosporin plus pain relief ointment

• Macitracin

Glucocorticoid

Steroidal action

Asthma, non infectious rhinitis

Dogs @ 1-3mg PO every 24 hrs

Cats @ 1mg PO every 24hrs

Nasal spray @32mcg/time (5ml deliver 60 sprays)

Nasal irritation, Hoarseness, dry nouth, rash, cough, gastric upsets

Pulmicort respules (ASTRA ZENECA) 

• for inhalation
• 30 respule per carton
• 0.25mg/2ml

rhinocort spray (ASTRA ZENECA)

• 10ml
• 200 metered dose

Rhinocort Allergy

uceris

ortikos

EntocortEC

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