Antiseizure drug, Gen. Anaesthesia

Antiepileptic effect by prolonging the GABA gated Cl channel opening and inhibition of amp receptors , inhibit the release of excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate, leading to reduced neuronal excitability

Initial medication of choice for the management of epileptic seizures

Dog-1-2. 5mg/kg body wt. Emergency management-Loading dose- 15-24mg/kg followed by maintenance dose of 2-3mg/kg

Cat-1. 5-3 mg/kg B. Wt. 

Birds-3. 5-7mg/kg B. Wt

Horse- 10mg/kg body wt. 

Ruminant- 10mg/ kg B.wt.

Not used in pregnant or lactating animals, diarrhoea, hepatic impairment, hypoglycemia

Headache, nausea, dizziness, vomiting, polydypsia, polyphagia, polyuria. 

In toy breeds, whinning is seen

Gardenal- 30mg, 60 mg tablet, Gardenal Syrup 20 mg/5mL

Antiemetics

Centrally acting suppresses dopamine activity in CNS to produce sedation 

Sedation, tranquility, antiemetic

Dog/cat-0.1-0.5mg/kg q 5-6 h, S/C or 0.25-0.35mg/kg q 6-8h P/O

Sedation, vasodilation, hypotension, receptor blocking property

Muscle stiffness uncontrollable movement

Stemetil

• Tab 5 mg
• 1 ml Ampoule
• Each ml contains 12.5 mg

Phenothiazine derivative

Blockade of a-adrenoreceptors

Central sedative effects

Preanaesthetic 

Immobilize the aggressive animals

Cat & Dog @ 1-2 mg/kg IV or IM and 3mg/kg orally

Cattle @ 1 mg/kg IM

Goat and sheep @ 2 mg/kg IM

In horses, it cause drowsiness and depression.

Adrenaline should not be administered.

Avoided in debility animals and OP poisoning cases.

Chlorpromazine

Tab 10mg, 25mg, 50mg, 100mg nag Inj 2ml (2.5%)

Megatil

Tab 25mg, 50mg, 100mg, 200mg and Inj 2ml (50mg/2ml)

Anti- emetics

• SHT3 receptor antagonist
• Serotonin antagonist

anti-emetics>prevent vomiting

Dog=0.1-0.5mg/kg  IV slowly  6.12hr interval

0.1-1mg/kg  PO, BD

Cat=0.5mg/kg  BD, SC, IV, PO

• it should be used cautiously in pets with gastrointestinal blockage, certain abnormal heart rhythm or liver disease. 
• Caution in pregnant or lactating pets also. 

• Constipation, sleepiness or head shaking, nausea
• SE are uncommon mostly. 

• Inj. Emeset 2ml, 4ml(2mg/ml) 
• Susp. Emikind-pet-  30ml
• Oralspray-eme Pet - 15ml
• Inj. Petset-  2ml  (2mg/ml) 
• Inj. Vominil-10ml(2mg/ml) 
• Tab. Emeset- 4mg, 8mg
• Syr. Emeset 30ml  (2mg/5ml) 

Anti diarrhoeal

Inhibition of enkephalinase and induce selective increase in chloride absorption 

Diarrhoeal

Dog @ 10mg/kg PO

Hypersensitive animals

Constipation 

Cap hydral 100mg

cap racotil 100mg

cap redotil 100 mg

Antidiarrhoeal

Opiate agonist that act on mu receptor of GI tract

Acute diarrhoea

Cat @ 0.08-0.16 mg/kgPO BID

dog @ 0.1-0.2 mg/kg PO BID / TID

It can cause constipation due to repeated use

It can cause constipation due to repeated use

Capsule roko 2mg

capsule lopcap 2mg

Antidiarrhoeal

Anti cholinergic agents

Block the action of acetylcholine at para sympathetic sites in sweat gland, salivary gland, SA node, stomach secretion heart muscle  smooth muscle in GI tract and CNS

Reduce GI motility and secretion 

Reduce salvation

To treat bradycardia in dogs

Dog- 0.003-0.008 mg/kg q8h PO BID / TID

Tachycardia patients 

In tachycardia patients

Hyocimax -S tablet 0.125mg

Anti convulsant

It inhibit burst firing of neuron without affecting normal neuronal excitement

Seizures

Cat @ 20mg/kg q8h PO

Dog @ 20mg/kg q8h PO

Horse @ 30mg/kg IV 

Lethargic and anorexia

Produce hyper salivation in cats

Tab levepsy 250mg and 500mg

Tab levera 250mg, 500mg, 750mg and 1gm

Tab levesam 250mg, 500mg, 750 mg and 1gm

Antiprotozoal drug (Coccidiosis)
Vitamin B1 or structural analogue

Competitively block the thiamine transporter of Eimeria species

Control and treat coccidiosis in Calves, sheep, goat, puppies and birds

For Prophylaxis
Cattle @ 5mg/kg PO 21 days

For Treatment
Cattle @ 10 mg/kg PO for 5 days in feed or water

Cat @ 60-100 Total PO 7 days

Dog @ 100-200 mg in food PO 7 days

Poultry @ 0.012-0.24% PO in water for 3 days


Maximum Dose
Large animal 200 mg
Small animal 100 mg

Not used in puppies with 20 days of age

Excess dose in sheep cause encephalomalaciae
Calves - inhibit erythrocyte production
Toxicity at high dose

Amprolium powder 150g, 1kg

Amproforte (Amprolium fortified with vitamin) 100g, 1kg

Anticoagulants

Inhibit ketolase enzyme in the glucolytic pathway

Anticoagulant of glucose level in blood

6-8mg/ml blood or 2.5mg per ml of blood